How to set retirement goals

The onus of providing for retirement is increasingly falling on individuals.

Few of us will have the luxury of an employer-provided defined-benefit pension promising a certain level of income, especially outside the public sector. Meanwhile, State Pension Age is creeping up and is set to reach 68 by 2046.

At the same time, better medical care and new drugs may extend life expectancy in the future.

Your retirement may last half as long as your whole career, or longer, so it is important to think about your goals for this portion of your life and how you’ll fund them. But where do you start, and how do start defining goals so you can work towards them?

First steps

The first thing to determine is your likely level of retirement spending. Here it helps to divide between essentials and luxuries, to give yourself a spending ‘band’ that ranges from ‘minimum required’ to ‘ideal situation’.

Most people believe that after retirement their annual spending will amount to significantly less than their expenditure during their working life. It’s true that a number of costs are usually eliminated such as mortgage payments, providing for children and expenses associated with going to work. However, more free time often means more opportunities to spend money. The early years of retirement, when health is generally better, maybe a chance to travel or tick things off the bucket list. Don’t forget there is also the possibility of unexpected medical expenses or other unplanned spending, so it’s best to build in a margin to allow for contingencies.

You could even mentally break up your retirement into several phases to better estimate how much you might require. Spending often starts off reasonably high in the more active early retirement years before falling away. It can then pick up again as medical and care needs increase.

Having realistic expectations about post-retirement spending habits will help you define the required size of a retirement pot and ensure you don’t outlast your savings. Longevity is, of course, a huge unknown. You can get a feel for it by using the Office of National Statistics life expectancy calculator. As well as telling you the average to be expected, it also shows the likelihood of reaching various ages.

Knowing how much you need each year, on average, and how long you might need that for, will help you calculate the size of the retirement pot you require, after allowing for other sources of income such as State and defined benefit pensions or other assets such as property.

A plan to meet your goals

Once you have been through this exercise you will be able to better judge when you would like to or will be able to, retire. You’ll also be equipped to plan your strategy and how much you need to invest to hit your goals.

The longer you have until retirement, the higher the level of risk that you can generally withstand. If you’re young and have 30 or more years, you should generally have the majority of your assets in riskier investments such as shares. Larger ups and downs in the value of your pot are inevitable, but over the longer term, you should be able to secure higher returns that more reliably outpace inflation – rises in the cost of living. What’s more, if you are adding to your retirement portfolio consistently over your working life, temporary market falls along the way can actually work out to your advantage.

You should also bear in mind the considerable advantages offered by pension tax relief – 20% for a basic rate taxpayer, up to 40% for a higher rate taxpayer and up to 45% for an additional rate taxpayer.

To take the example of a higher rate taxpayer, this means a £1,000 contribution costs just £600. To put it another way, that’s a 66.7% return on your money before you have even invested it. When it comes to retirement planning the pension has special ‘superpowers’ that other accounts can’t match – though benefits depend on individual circumstances and tax rules can change.

It’s been estimated that nearly 50% of people aren’t aware of tax relief, so lots of people are potentially missing out.

You should also start planning for retirement as soon as you can to take advantage of the power of compounding. You might not think that saving a few hundred pounds extra here and there in your 20s or 30s will mean much in the long run, but the power of compounding – getting returns on your returns over time – can ‘snowball’ that money over time if invested well.

You will also need to consider your tax position when you take income from your pension, which can be accessed from age 55 currently, though this age is set to move to 57 from April 2028. While you may have got tax relief on your contributions to your pension, the flipside is there is potentially tax to pay when you withdraw, albeit you can take up to 25% of a personal pension such as a SIPP as cash tax-free under current rules. The other good news is you can time when and how much money you take to suit your circumstances, so with a bit of planning you can minimise the tax burden.

Be flexible

Retirement goals evolve through the years. You may find you need to tweak things along the way to take account of how things are panning out. Maybe you have more or less disposable income to fund pension contributions than you thought. Perhaps your investments are doing better or worse than anticipated. In any plan, a lot of assumptions have to be made and it is unlikely things will go exactly how they are modelled in advance. Yet having a goal in mind, and a roadmap to meet it will help keep you focused on it and better allow you to take corrective action where necessary.

Take advice when you need to

Retirement planning can be complex, but you don’t have to tackle this on your own. There are free resources such as the government’s Moneyhelper website, and Charles Stanley’s One Step Retirement Savings Plan can help you create a tailored financial plan with our expertise. It can help you:

Figure out when you want to stop working and how much money you’ll need to support the lifestyle you want

Take control of different pensions as well as any other savings and investments you may already have

Create a savings and investment plan that makes the most of your tax-free allowances

Make sure any existing plan is on track and think about the best ways to close any funding gap should one arise

To discuss any of the themes raised in this article, or to find out how Charles Stanley could help you create a more secure financial future, contact a member of our Plymouth team.

Call us on 01752 545 969, email plymouthbranch@charles-stanley.co.uk or visit www.charles-stanley.co.uk/help-and-contact/people-locations/plymouth

The value of investments, and any income derived from them, can fall as well as rise. Investors may get back less than originally invested. The information in this article is based on our understanding of UK Legislation, Taxation and HMRC guidance, all of which are subject to change. The tax treatment of pensions depends on individual circumstances and is subject to change in future. This article is solely for information purposes and does not constitute advice or a personal recommendation. Charles Stanley & Co. Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.